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Quote of the day: A Big Bang led to star being born.

WELCOME new member AMaizawing (April 03, 2020)


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BigDroppaRecycling garbage Ho Ax
#25
Top: The number of new cases of cancer (grey line) is projected
to increase as a result of demographic changes, namely the
growing number of older adults and minorities in the population. The number of new cases of pancreatic cancer (purple
line) is growing at a slightly faster rate than cancer in general.

Middle: The average number of new cases of cancer/100,000
population is decreasing for men (0.6%/year) but not changing
for women, resulting in a slight decline in the projected incidence of cancer overall (grey line). In contrast, the average
number of new cases of pancreatic cancer/100,000 population
(purple line) is increasing in both men and women, resulting in a
steady increase in the projected incidence of pancreatic cancer.

Bottom: The combination of changing demographics and the
increase in the average annual incidence rate for pancreatic
cancer work together to result in a more rapid increase in the
projected total number of new cases of pancreatic cancer (purple line) compared to cancer in general (grey line).
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#26
Doesn't look to me like a major increase once adjusted for age and done per 100,000 people.
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#27
Pancreatic cancer is one of a handful of cancer types for which an increase in the number of new cases due to demographic changes is unusually large. Even more striking is the realization that pancreatic cancer is unique among the top five cancer killers (currently lung, colorectal, breast, pancreas and prostate) in that both the incidence rate and death rate are increasing. The result of the combination of these factors is that both the projected number of new pancreatic cancer cases and pancreatic cancer deaths will more than double by 2030. By as early as 2015, the number of deaths from pancreatic cancer will exceed those from breast and colorectal cancer, and be surpassed only by the loss of life from lung cancer.
Make America Honest Again
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#28
One secret I have never given up to other softball players is using Iron Out on whites. I was in Raleigh at a Nationals when it was determined the rain will not cancel the event. Playing 3B in a puddle of mud was not fun, nor was it cool for the white pants I wore. I always brought Iron Out with me. Soaked the pants in hot water over night and then finished the wash cycle. Brand spanking new. Everybody asked what I used. I told them I put a tbsp of vanilla extract in the wash.  Big Grin
DC is a symptom, not the cause. The cause is basic voter stupidity and economic ignorance.
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#29
Another recent report illustrates the fact that changes in demographics alone are not sufficient to predict the incidence of pancreatic and other cancer types in the coming years. The Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2008, Featuring Cancers Associated with Excess Weight and Lack of Sufficient Physical Activity was published in early 2012.5 This study analyzes changes in the trends of incidence and death rates and discusses the future impact of these diseases.
Make America Honest Again
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#30
It appears that epidemiology is complicated.
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#31
20 Mule Team Borax works wonders on mold if you have it in your home....bathroom ceiling or such.
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#32
Borax also kills roaches pretty well. I think it gets inside their caparaces crevices and irritates them.

I never saw any evidence it did anything for laundry.

Some of the cheap detergents (granular type) would load up with cheap sodium carbonate to run the pH way up and that helps cleaning, but the safety factor was beyond what our folks would allow, and it damages clothes over time.

I used to use Cascade all the time, it worked well, then they apparently took out the phosphate and it's crap, and now they make those little pouch things which also are crap in my experience.

If you get residue on your dishes, run the hot water to fill the lines with hot water before turning on your machine (some machines heat the water themselves). Using a gas hot water heater to heat water is cheaper than using some electric resistance thing.

We were having trouble here initially, the wife was impressed when I told her this trick.
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#33
(03-18-2019, 08:32 AM)Alabuckeye Wrote: 20 Mule Team Borax works wonders on mold if you have it in your home....bathroom ceiling or such.

Clorox bleach  bathroom shower/tile spray does great on mold as well.
Make America Honest Again
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#34
Chlorine bleach is pretty good stuff for a lot of things. The cheap stuff is the same as Clorox nearly as I can discern.

Chlorine is interesting stuff, if you mix it with water, it makes an acidic hypochlorous acid (HOCl), if you increase the pH it become sodium hypochlorite, which is household bleach, but it still has some residual chlorine which is why it smells.

It pretty much nails anything "organic" that is unsaturated or has a heteroatom (something not carbon or hydrogen or oxygen).
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#35
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/envir...tic-waste/

Is burning plastic waste a good idea?
Many within the trash industry think so. But incineration and other “waste-to-energy” projects may pose dangers to the environment.


5 MINUTE READ

[/url]










[url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/03/should-we-burn-plastic-waste/#]
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#36
WHAT IS TO be done with the swelling flood of plastic waste, if we donâ€t want to see it snagged in tree branches, floating in ocean gyres, or clogging the stomachs of seabirds and whales?

Plastic production is expected to double in the next 20 years, according to a report issued by the World Economic Forum. Plastic recycling rates, meanwhile, hover around 30 percent in Europe, just nine percent in the U.S., and zero or close to it in much of the developing world.

This past January, a consortium of petrochemical and consumer-goods companies called the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, including Exxon, Dow, Total, Shell, Chevron Phillips, and Procter & Gamble, committed to spending $1.5 billion over five years on the problem. Their aim is to support alternative materials and delivery systems, beef up recycling programs, and—more controversially—promote technologies that convert plastics to fuel or energy.



Sophisticated incinerators that burn plastic and other municipal waste can produce enough heat and steam to turn turbine blades and generate electricity for the local grid. The European Union, which restricts the landfilling of organic waste, already burns almost 42 percent of its waste; the U.S. burns 12.5 percent. According to the World Energy Council, a U.N. accredited network that represents a range of energy sources and technologies, the waste-to-energy sector is likely to witness steady growth in coming years, especially in the Asia Pacific region. China already has some 300 waste-to-energy plants operating, with another several hundred in the pipeline.

"As countries like China close their doors to foreign waste and an overburdened recycling industry fails to keep up with the plastic pollution crisis,” says John Hocevar of Greenpeace, “incineration will increasingly be pushed as an easy alternative.”


Is it a good idea?

Burning plastic trash to create energy sounds sensible: Plastic is, after all, made from hydrocarbons, just like oil, and is more energy-dense than coal. But several obstacles loom to a big expansion of waste-burning.

For one thing, siting waste-to-energy plants, like siting landfills, is difficult: No one wants to live near a plant that may host hundreds of trash-filled trucks a day. Usually the plants end up near low-income communities. The U.S. has seen only one new incinerator since 1997.

Waste-to-energy plants are also expensive to build and operate, so they generally charge more to tip loads of trash than landfills do. And because plants run most efficiently with steady streams of waste, their owners often need to import material from far, far away.

Large plants do generate enough electricity to supply tens of thousands of houses. But studies have shown that recycling plastic waste saves more energy—by reducing the need to extract fossil fuel and process it into new plastic—than burning it, along with other household waste, can generate.


Finally, waste-to-energy plants have the potential to emit low levels of toxic pollutants such as dioxins, acid gases, and heavy metals. Modern plants employ sophisticated scrubbers, precipitators, and filters to capture these compounds, but as the World Energy Council cautiously states, in a 2017 report, “These technologies are useful as long as the combustion plants are properly operated and emissions controlled.”

Some experts worry that countries lacking environmental laws, or strict enforcement, may try to save money on emissions controls. And then thereâ€s incinerationâ€s constant production of greenhouse gases. In 2016, U.S. waste incinerators released the equivalent of 12 million tons of carbon dioxide, more than half of which came from plastics.

A better way to burn?

Another way to convert waste to energy is through gasification, a process that melts plastics at very high temperatures in the near-absence of oxygen (which means toxins like dioxins and furans arenâ€t formed). The process generates a synthetic gas thatâ€s used to fire turbines. But with natural gas so cheap, gasification plants arenâ€t competitive.

A more attractive technology right now is pyrolysis, in which plastics are shredded and melted at lower temperatures than gasification and in the presence of even less oxygen. The heat breaks plastic polymers down into smaller hydrocarbons, which can be refined to diesel fuel and even into other petrochemical products—including new plastics. (The Alliance to End Plastic Waste includes pyrolysis companies.)


PLASTICS 101

Seven relatively small pyrolysis plants now operate in the U.S., some still in demonstration phase, and the technology appears to be expanding worldwide, with facilities in Europe, China, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The American Chemistry Council estimates that the U.S. could sustain 600 pyrolysis units handling 30 tons of plastics a day, for a total of around 6.5 million tons a year—just under a fifth of the 34.5 million tons of plastic waste the country now generates.

Pyrolysis can handle the films, pouches, and multi-layered materials that most mechanical recyclers cannot, says Priyanka Bakaya, founder of the plastic-to-fuel company Renewlogy. And it produces no harmful pollutants, she says, other than “a minimal amount of carbon dioxide.”

On the other hand, critics call pyrolysis an expensive and immature technology, with startups that have come and gone over the years, unable to meet their pollution control limits, or technical and financial goals. It is still cheaper to make diesel from fossil fuel than from waste plastic.

But is it renewable?

Is fuel from plastic a renewable resource? According to the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, 16 U.S. states consider municipal solid waste, including the plastics in it, a renewable fuel source. But plastics arenâ€t renewable in the sense that wood, paper, or cotton are. Plastics donâ€t grow from sunlight: We make them from fossil fuels extracted from the ground, and each step in that process has the potential to pollute.

In the European Union, only the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste is considered renewable. But no matter how the EU counts its carbon, burning plastics for fuel in incinerators, along with the rest of its waste, seems to contravene the unionâ€s adoption, in 2015, of “circular economy” goals, which aim to keep resources in use for as long as possible and call for all plastic packaging to be reusable, recyclable, or compostable by 2030.

“When you take fossil fuels out of the ground, make plastics with them, then burn those plastics for energy, it's clear that this is not a circle—it's a line,” says Rob Opsomer of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which promotes circular economy efforts. But pyrolysis, Opsomer adds, can be considered part of the circular economy if its outputs are used as feedstock for new high-quality materials—including durable plastics.

Zero-waste advocates worry that any approach to converting plastic waste into energy does nothing to reduce demand for new plastic products and even less to mitigate climate change. “To uplift these approaches is to distract from real solutions,” says Claire Arkin, a campaigner with the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives—that is, solutions that allow people to use less plastic and reuse and recycle more.
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